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L E X I L I N E |
As noted by Hans Rychener, in his book ...und Estland, Lettland, Litauen? (Herbert Lang: Berlin, 1805, p. 24) "The myths of the Lithuanians and Latvians ... remind one of the belief systems of the ancient Hindus and Greeks." Robert Payne, in The Green Linden, Selected Lithuanian Folk-songs (Voyages Press: N.Y. 1964) writes: The Dainos ... represent a form of poetry as ancient as anything on this earth.... They have a beauty and pure primitive splendor above anything I know in Western literature, except the early songs of the Greek Islanders. They seem to have been written at the morning of the world, and the dew is still on them." Hermanis Rathfelders, in many writings in Acta Baltica, wrote that the Latvian DAINAS were extremely ancient, preceding the milling of grain. These DAINAS (much more numerous in Latvian than Lithuanian) were collected over many years by Krisjanis Barons (Christian Baron) and his successors and issued in 12 volumes as Latviesu Tautas Dziesmas (Chansons Populaires Lettonnes) ed. Svabe, Straubergs and Hauzenberga-Sturma, Imanta Publishers, Copenhagen, 1952. The problem is that they are in Latvian and have never been translated. LexiLine will present translations here. Some Dainas are short, some long. Each Daina has an assigned Number.
The Sumerian (Akkadian, Babylonian) MUL.APIN cuneiform tablets begin with the symbols for MUL and APIN. This is the origin of the name MUL.APIN for these tablets and GISH.APIN (GISH is the determinative for wood, Latvian KOKS) (thought to be "plow") is the first constellation listed. In the Latvian "rotala games" (Dainas, Vol. 11, p. 546) i.e. "rotational games" relating to the Sun, Moon [and Pleiades] the participants stand in a line and chase each other thrice around in a circle [just as Narmer, king of Egypt, see page 19 of Clayton's Chronicle of the Pharaohs, German version] the leader carrying a stick with a braided cloth end or actual blossoms on a stick trying to catch up to the last person in the round all the while singing a song in which the sun BEGINS its journey in the APINU darzs (garden of APIN, APINI meaning "hops" or "hop" blossoms (the "hop" plant is Latin genus huMULus, humus through satem/centum shift < Latvian zemes, zemulis). There are many variants of this APIN game and song dealing with the first blossoms of spring. The game is also played as "Sietinos" or "Sietins" which is also the Latvian term for the Pleiades. Here is a typical APIN verse.
The use of APIN for the "hop plant" surely precedes the plow and shows how well the ancients observed nature. Humulus is dioecious and well suited as the "flowering tree" in paradise (male and female flowers are borne by different plants). Humulus starts to grow in spring, twining clockwise, reaching incredible heights of 20 to 30 feet, (origin of the Jack and the Beanstalk myth ?) but in autumn, drops fully to ground level. It is a perfect plant to show the coming and going of fertility, also in an astronomical context, i.e. "drawing the stars".
In the most ancient Egyptian monuments, Seth (Anubis) is pictured at Mid-Heaven on a sled. The heavenly sled (Ramas Kamanas) is also found in the Latvian Dainas. Daina 33681 (Variant 1) states that:
Daina 33683 (and seven variants) add 2 lines stating that God, in following the ecliptic, does not damage the blossoms nor the seed of the agrarian. Daina 33683 (Variant 4) states that:
So where is "God " located in the heavens? We find this from Daina 33664 (Variant 3 and 4)
A number of Dainas seem to point to a Nub or Pole of Heaven and to precession. For example, DAINA 55347 (p. 451, Vol. 11):
DAINA 34047 (Variant 7) deals with a heavenly wedding.
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