Pharaoh Narmer's Heb-Sed Feasts

Pharaonic Egyptian Numbers and Symbols
as LATER standardized, but not initially

Calendration Mathematics, Astronomy
Calibration of Solar and Lunar Cycles

"The Egyptians had a decimal notation. The hieroglyphic script had distinct signs for units, tens, hundreds, etc., the numbers of each being indicated by repetition of the sign. There was no sign for zero and no positional notation, so that representation of large numbers became extremely cumbersome."
Gay Robins & Charles Shute, The Rhind Mathematical Papyrus. However, scholars have failed to see that this symbolic decimal notation was not standardized in the early stages of Pharaonic civilization and that symbols were subject to divergent positional decimal application.

Above : Oldest known script of a Pharaonic Calendric Feast
(Today in the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, England)

One of the most amazing misreadings
in all of Egyptology relates to the very
oldest of all Pharaonic calendric inscriptions,
pictured above, and known as Narmer's Heb-Sed Feasts.

Below is the corrected reading.

The simple mathematics is 19 x 120,000 = 2,280,000.
(See below - numbers are bold face - graphic less prominent by intent.)

The Picture above shows Luni-Solar Calendration

The "sitting man" hieroglyph reads "Siets, Sed, Seta"
and is the same as Babylonian "Sin "i.e. "Moon".
Compare to this Swedish seter and Latvian seta "fence, border."

120,000 lunations x 29.5 days (the synodic month,
from one new moon to the next new moon)
is 3,540,000 days which  is exactly
10,000 lunar years of 354 days each.
.
19 years is the Metonic Cycle of lunations
(235 lunations = 6939 days = 19 solar years).
That is why the numbers 120,000 and 19 are used,
so that 19 x 120,000 = 2,280,000
.
The Pharaohs also used a schematic civil year of 360 days, so
19 x 360 = 6840 days and 19000 x 360 = 6,840,000 days,
with 6,840,000 divided by 3 equal to 2,280,000 days.
.
Hence, 3 x 19 x 120000 = 6840000, matching lunar and solar calculations.
This is thus a common multiple of 18 Saros Eclipse Cycles
multiplied by 19 Metonic Cycles = 684 Years
which the Pharaohs then used to set their Kingdoms and Dynasties.
(discovery by Andis Kaulins)

HOW THE KINGDOMS WERE CALCULATED

December 25, 3117 BC - Start of the Pharaonic Calendar
684 years later - Building of the Calendric Cheops Pyramid 2433 BC
684 years later - End of the Middle Kingdom 1749 BC
684 years later - End of the New Kingdom 1065 BC [This is Shishak = Ramses III = Trojan War + Taurus replaced by Perseus at the Vernal Equinox]
684 years later - Last (30th) Pharaonic Dynasty - Nectanebo 381 BC

In this manner, lunar and civil solar calendars were reconciled in the long term by a common denominator x 3. This is why the coronation of a king involved a "thrice-around" formula. The feast of "coronation" surely derives from the "corona" of an eclipse and perhaps coronations originally were accompanied by eclipses.

Additionally, 684 is divisible by 76 (4 x19 Metonic Cycles) to give a result of 9, and 684 is also divisible by 72 (one degree of precession) for a result of 9.5. The ancients seem to have used 76 years rather than 72 years for their precessional calculations. Hence, as we see from the Papyrus of Ebers, 9 days of precession were interecalated every 684 years, so that the Papyrus of Ebers, ascribed on the document to the King Zeserkere, should actually be dated to 1749 BC and to the reign of Chendjer Userkare (Userkare = Zeserkere). The Egyptologists are wrong in assigning the Papyrus of Ebers to Amenophis and to ca. 1600 BC.

In addition, for a Pharaonic Calendar starting in 3117 BC and ending in 381 BC, the total of 30 dynasties gives an average of 91.3 years per dynasty, or one quarter of a full tropical year of 365.25 days per dynasty. Brilliant.

Now, what have the Egyptologists written before this?
.
Originally, the Egyptologists erroneously thought that
this was a victory celebration, with the Pharaoh Narmer
to the left, his wife in the canopy to the right, followed by
dancers and war booty, according to the Egyptologists
120,000 captives, 400,000 cattle and 1,422,000 goats.
.
Of course, these were absurdly large naumbers, particularly since
the numbers were misread - which is crucial to a solution.
.
Currently , Egyptologists do see the Narmer script
to relate to the "heb-sed" renewal feast,
which they think took place every thirty years.
.
But rather than to recognize the clear astronomy
involved here, the Egyptologists say the feast was held
as an agricultural "fertility feast"
and was used to "test the potency" of the king,
who was to run thrice around the compound
to prove his fitness (strange test for potency!)
This explanation, of course, is equally ridiculous, and as here,
much in Egyptology is really remarkably wrong.
>.

What we do have here is a clear astronomical calculation,
as explained at the top of this page.