MUL.APIN 10

MUL.APIN
Sumerian Akkadian
Astronomy
- Further Analysis -
 

 1. The Sumerian term NU AT.TIL at the end of a tablet

The Sumerian NU AT.TIL "not finished" is identical to
Latvian NAU "not" plus
ATTELots "described, portrayed, reproduced"

2. The Sumerian term at the beginning of a "continuation" tablet
MUL.SAG.ME.GAR d.Shul-pa-e

The Sumerian MUL= Latvian MIRDZ "star, twinkle"
Sumerian SAG.ME.GAR = Latvian SEKAM GAR viz. SEKAMAJAIS
"follows along".
Akkadian Shul-pa-e "continue" = Latvian SHURPU "here, hither"
Translated: MIRDZI SEKAM GARI SHURPU
= "stars continue along here".

3. Sumerian MUL4 = Latvian MIRDZ "shine, sparkle" whereas
the current Latvian term for "star" is ZVAIGZNE
as rooted in Latvian ZIB- "shine,  sparkle, be fiery, also light(ning)".

Hunger and Pingree note that a famous Babylonian scribe,
Nabu-zuqup-kenu wrote many tablets of  astronomical context.
In view of the similar ziqpu "uzkapu" stars,
Nabu-zuqup-kenu is correctly Deb-ess (=Neb-, "Heaven") Uzkapu-Zinu
meaning "knower of the ascents (or) meridians" of heaven,
viz. "astronomer".

4. The first "notch" symbol in each line of the MUL.APIN
tablets is transcribed erroneously as DISH, which is correctly
Latvian DUOBS "notch" and homophonic to
Latvian DEBESS or DEBESHA/DEBESHU "of the heavens".
This seems to precede the d to n shift as in Slavic NEBES
or German NEBEL (English NEBULOUS) in Indo-European.

= Akkadian SHUMMA "of the heavens"
= Latvian JUMA/JUMTA "of the ceiling"
= Pharaonic Egyptian LjUMT (palatal L)
which is the raised cobra hieroglyph

5. Sumerian DINGIR "deity"
is identical to Lithuanian DANGUS "heaven"
Latvian DENDER or DANDAR "turning thing"
whence Pharaonic Egyptian DENDERA

 6. Line 1 Tablet 1 of MUL.APIN "The Plow Star"
[But perhaps more archaic the Hop Star]
reads in Sumerian and Akkadian
DISH MUL GISH.APIN DINGIR.EN.LIL
a-lik pa-ni (var. IGI) MUL.MESH shu-ut DINGIR.EN.LIL

and in Latvian
DEBESHU MIRDZA KOUKS APINU DANDZIS JANIS LIELS IELEC
VIENI (IKI) MIRDZU MEZHA SHEIT DANDZU JANIS LIELS

Translation
Heaven's Shining (wooden) PLOW (-BIND, TIE) revolving,
the region of JANIS in elevation,
rises when (it is) in the FOREST of SHINERS (STARS)
HERE at the REGION of JANU in ELEVATION.

7. Sumerian
DISH MUL.UR.BAR.RA GISH.NINDA SHA MUL.APIN

 is Latvian
DEBESHU MIRDZA URKU BARA KUOKS META sha MIRDZA APINI

 Translation
Heaven's Star plow's - scatterer - wooden post - its binding(s)

8. Sumerian
DISH MUL.SHU.GI DINGIR.En-Me-shar-ra

 is Latvian
DEBESHU MIRDZA SUGAS DAUDZIS JANU MEZHSARGS

Translation
Heaven's Star enclosure cluster (many), Anu's forester

Latvian MEZHSARGS or MEZHUSARGS means "forester, guarder
of the forest of heaven", literally John's Forester, Forester of Anu.

It is clear that the particle En- in Sumerian means  "Anu, of Anu"
so that (en-) me-shar-ra in Akkadian does not mean "old one" but
rather "forester".

SHUG- in view of Nr. 9 below is Latvian ZHUOGs "enclosure"
synonymous also to Latvian GULKUOKU SETA
"horizontal wooden fence".
This is the 4-star enclosure Auriga rising at CAPELLA,
later assigned to the lower star KA(m)PLAM-  - see below.
Since the next line entry MUL.GAM (at 9. below) does not have a
notch in front of it - this means that the lines are to be read together
and hence this is "the crook" in the hand of the "forester".

9. Sumerian
MUL GAM DINGIR GAM-LUM

 is Latvian
MIRDZU KAMPIS DAUDZIS KAMPLAM

 Translation
Heaven's Star Staff Cluster of the Staff
Latvian KAMpis KAMPLIS viz. KAPLIS means "crook, staff, rake".

10. At rising, the stars of Gemini lie nearly horizontal to the horizon
so that the legs of both and larger star at the upper leg of Castor (Cain)
rises before Pollux (Abel) and their "heads" rise last.

This star at the thigh or knee of Castor is LUGAL GIR.RA
where LUGAL is again Latvian LEIKAULs "upper leg" so that,
and here I elaborate my previous translation of GAL as meaning
"end" by stating that GAL.GAL.LA is the same as Latvian
CEL.GAL.LA "of the knee", i.e. the knee of Castor.

Hence GIR.RA here must also be similar in meaning to GAL.LA
viz. Latvian CEL.LA "raise", the root term of "knee, joint" in Latvian.

Mes-lam-ta-e-a in Latvian is '*LIEL-AJAM TA EJA meaning
"the large one, his foot (goer)" - an interpretation which is supported
by the fact that MASH.TAB.BA.TUR.TUR is given as
Alamus = LAL "large" and Nin-EZEN-GUD is
Latvian MA-ZIN-AIS "small".

11. Hunger and Pingree write that the Akkadian phrase
Alluttu shubat Anim
means "The Crab, seat of Anu"
but in Latvian shubat would be SHUPAT
"to rock the cradle (of heaven), swing" - i.e. “lap”
and here perhaps applied to Ursa Major in this position.

12. As previously noted, the Sumerian UR.GU.LA means
URKU GULA where GU.LA   means "lying down, reclining".
This is supported by the additional Sumerian term
LA.TA.RA.AK which is Latvian LAIDARIS or LAIDERIS
"enclosure for animals, a place to sleep, especially for animals".
Hence this applies to the initial stars of Leo's head
and the Akkadian Urgula Latarak is Latvian
Ur-gulu laidaris "the (reclining) lion's lair".

13. Sumerian LUGAL = Latvian LIEKKAULs "upper leg" of the lion,
as Akkadian izzazzu is Latvian ir aiz, "is after, behind")
the SHARRU "breast, heart" of the lion.

 The full Sumerian reads as follows:
Sumerian
DISH MUL SHA INA GABA MUL.UR.GU.LA GUB-zu MUL.LUGAL

 Latvian
DEBESHU MIRDZA SHA VINA KEPA MIRDZA URKU GULA
KEPISHU MIRDZU LIEKAULs

 Translation:
Heaven's star, this the paw
star of the reclining clawer's star upper thigh

14. Sumerian
DISH MUL.MESH um-mu-lu-tum sha ina KUN MUL.UR.GU.LA
GUB-zu sis-sin-nu DINGIR E4-RU6 DINGIR ZAR-PA-NI-TUM

 is Latvian
DEBESHU MIRDZU MEZHS iemirdzuotam sha vina KUNaste MIRDZA URKU GULA
KEPAS SASIENU DAUDZIS CERU DAUDZIS ZARI VAINAGAM

Translation
Heavenly Star Forest, shining this its she-dog tail of the Reclining Clawer
Grasping a Tied Bunch of Lilac a Bunch of Branches of the Flower Crown

 (there is no DISH in front of GUB-zu,
so that this means that the lines are to be read together)

 MIRDZA MEZHS means "forest of stars, many stars, i.e a star cluster"
The Sumerian KUN seems to find its comparable in KUN-aste "she-dog tail" rooted in a variety of terms like KUNKULIS or KUNCIS "knot, clump"

Akkadian Zar-pa-ni-tum "bunch of the date palm"
at the "tail" of the lion are together
with the "tied" bunch of lilacs, correctly CERU viz. CERINI
in Latvian in the GUB-zu "grasp" of CERES (ERUA).

Hunger/Pingree point out that in the Constellation Eru
she is said to hold a date palm in her right hand.

15. Sumerian
DISH MUL.SHU.PA DINGIR EN.LIL SHA shi-mat KUR i-shim-mu

 is Latvian
DEBESHU MIRDZA SHU.PA DAUDZIS JANU LIELAIS
sha ZH/ZEMITes KURMU IESHUMU (IESHANU)

Translation
Heaven's star swing/axis cluster,
the area where Anu in Elevation the  land's/lowest point (reaches)
and (starts the) climb (going) up the hill.

 This is the star of Denebola, the lowest star shi-mat (Latvian zemit- means
not only "land" but also "low, below") of the "land, hill" (i.e. what Leo
is lying on). Denebola, as also in the Pharaonic pantheon, is a "swing"
or "nub" of heaven to the Great Square and with respect to Draco,
in which the Pole Star was located.

The transliteration of Hunger/Pingree "SHU.PA EN.LIL
who decrees the fate of the land" is of course similar.