SUMERIAN and
INDO-EUROPEAN
L - Z
Lexical
Equivalence on the basis of Latvian
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SUMERIAN - L
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LATVIAN - L
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LA, LAL be high,
hold, lift, carry, hang,
weigh, deduce, strap, harness, bind, load,
lessen, light, deficient, minus, accuse,
denounce, to fall back, retreat
LACH, LUCH clean, wash, sweep
LUGUD pus, serous
LA(L)U debt, owed amount
LAMMA female spirit of good fortune
LI juniper/cedar tree (see ERIN-)
LIRUM, LIRU, LIRI physical strength,
strong, powerful (origin of word LORD)
LU many, much, numerous,
man, men, people
LUNGA 2,3 LUMGI 2,3 NINGI 2,3
brewer
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LAI so that, may,
allow, in order that
LAIst let go, lessen, retreat, to fall back
LIEL big, large, high, great, important
LIELas to brag, make oneself big
LIEtuo to use something
LIJ-, LIET- pour liquid over
retained even in English as LIQUID
AL(A)GA wage, earnings
LAIMA goddess of luck
LIE-pa linden tree
LIELAM, LIELU, LIELI big, large,
strong (see LIEL above)
LAU-dis people
LAUNAGs afternoon meal, drink,
picnic JAUK- mix, brew
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SUMERIAN - M
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LATVIAN - M
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MA 3, GA go MA 4
leave, go out
MASH interest, rent, profit, yield
ME power, office, responsibility,
decree, oracle, we, our
MELI throat EME tongue, speech
MEN 2,3 myself , the I self
MISH, MESH, MES young man
prince, son, elm (?) tree
MI, ME black
MU, MA 5 to mill, grind
MUDLA, MADLU, MUDUL pole, stake
MUG, MUK chisel, hew, carve
MUG nakedness, pudenda
MURGU 2 neck, back, shoulders
MURUB vulva, woman, sexual charm
MURUB 4,10 central, median area, hips
MURUB battle
MUSH snake, reptile
MUSH 4 a biting insect
MUSHEN bird
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EIMI, EJAM, EJA to
go
MAKSA yield, pay, MAISS pouch
ME-S we, MUS- we, our
AMA-TS office
MELE tongue, speech
MAN me, to me, mine
MEITA daughter, MASA sister
MEDZ- create MEZHS forest
MEL- black
MAL grind
MIET-, MIETELE pole, stake
MALKA wood, MEZHS forest, wood
MAKs, MUKs pouch, pudenda
MUGURA back
MILIBA love MIESIBA of the flesh
MERIBA (long e) measurement
MIERIBA peace
MUDZis, MUKT snake, crawler
MUSHA a fly
MUSHINA fly
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SUMERIAN - N
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LATVIAN - N
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NA kill
NA 4 pebble, stone, token
NE; NI, NA human
being, he, she,
that one, self, body
IN he, she
NUD, NAD to lie with
Sivan's work on the
Northwest Semitic
texts for various consonantal and vocalic
shifts indicates vocalism at the beginning
of words was added later, as in Hebrew.
NI-GIN stillborn
child
NI-GIN 2,3 vertigo
NIDBA 2 food
offering
(NIG/NI + DA
+ BA) is CORRECT !
NI-GIN halt, turn,
surround, capacity
especially of cattle (NI, NE 4 + GIN)
NI-SIG, NISSA greens, vegetation
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NAve, NAvet death,
kill
NAU-DA, NAUDAS money
VIEN-, VIN-, VINA,
VINI, VINsh,
VINU, VIENU, etc.
Lithuanian AN-, ANA he, she, one
also AINA, VAINA,VANNA
VIENUOT to unite,
join together
NE no, also as a prefixed particle NE-
of negation in word formation NA, NU
NE-DZIM, NE-DZIVs
not born, not alive
NE-ZIN, NESAMANA vertigo
NUO- prefix from, off, out of, with, for
NUODEVA
offering
NUO-DZEN, NUO-DZIN drive off,
brush off, drive cattle, cut off
NUO-SEGA, NUO-SEDZ covering
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There is no O in
Sumerian. Latvian has an "O" but
it is an "UO" pronounced as "WUAH"
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SUMERIAN - P
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LATVIAN - P
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PA 4,5,6 ditch,
small canal
PU well, cistern, pool
PA, PAD seek, find, choose, call,
swear, take an oath, declare
PAB, PAP, PA 4, ABBA father, brother
man
PALA 2,3 clothing (gods, rulers)
PARA, BARA, PAR, BAR pass over
stretch out, spread out
PESH 7 child, son
PESH 4, 13 be pregnant, conceive
PESH womb
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UPE river
PET-, PAUT-, PAUD-, BAUD-
investigate, study, check, test, research
PAP-, PAPA father
PALAgs cloth, sheet
PAR, PARI over, above, pass above
PEC after, following PUIKA boy
PISA has many sexual connotations
PEZHA womb (vulgar)
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There is no Q in
Sumerian or Latvian
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SUMERIAN - R
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LATVIAN - R
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RA strike, stab,
stir, stamp, measure,
RI throw, cast, place, put, break, expel,
remove, beget, take, plan
RIG mace, weapon
RIG govern, manage, tend
RIG 5,7 deed, grant, list
RU give, send, present, gift
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RUO-KA, hand
Lithuanian RA-NKA
RI-KUO handle, act, organize
RAK- to dig LIEK put, place
RIK- tool, weapon
RIKUO, RAKst- handel, manage, tend
RIK- tool LIK- determine, place, set
RUO-KA, hand, hand over to
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SUMERIAN - S
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LATVIAN - S
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SA 6, SHA 6, SHAG
5, SIG 6, SIG 5
sweet, good, pleasant
SA sinew, cord, net, mat
SA 4 to name, call
SA 5, SA 11, SIR SI 4, SU 4, red
red-brown, red ocher
SAG + TIN herbalist (see SUCHUSH)
SAG head, point, first, present, human
SIKI, SIG hair, wool, fur, hide
SAGSHU cap, headdress
SAM, SHAM, SA 10 price, buy/sell
SUM give, lend
SE 12 SIG 7 pale, yellow-green,
create, live
SED, SED 7,11 repose, calm, abate
SEG snow, ice
SEG 4 frost, cold , chills
CHALBA, CHALBI frost, freezing
SEG 6 heat, cook, boil, be hot
SHA to dry up
SHAB subtract, apportion, gather
SHAG 4, SHA intestines, heart, midst
SHAKIR/-AR, butter tub, milk jug,
butter churn
SHE barley, grain
SHED 3,4,5 be together, join, link
SHIBIR shepherd's staff, scepter
SHIR, SHER to shine brightly
SHIR, SIR 4 testicles
SHIR, SHUR sing, song, lament
SHITA clean, priest
SHITA clear water, channel, canal
SHITA mace
SHITA 4 bind, band, bound
SHITA 5 a type of vessel
SHU hand, share, portion, bundle
SHUB cast, throw, fall, remove
SHUBA, SHUB 7 be bathed, clean
SHUD, SHU 12, SUB pray, bless
SHUDUN 2,3,4,5 SHUDUL 2,3,4,5
yoke, crosspiece
SHUKUR spear, lance
SHURUN 4,5 cricket, cockroach
SHUSHUANA sixth ASH 3,4,8 six
SIG low, small, weak, late
SIG 3,11 SAG 2,3 SI chop (trees)
strike, damage, shake, crush, blow
SIG 4 sun-dried brick, wall
SIG 9 to be narrow
SIGGA, SIG 14, SHEG 8,9 boar
SHACH domestic pig
SILA 3 street, path, trail, road
SILA measure of capacity - 0.842 liter
SILIM to be good, healthy
SU 6 beard
SU your, yours i.e. pronouns
ZU, ZA you (singular)
SUB to suck, suckle (i.e. to teeth)
SUCH 2,3,5 uproot, displace
SUCH carefully chosen
SUCHUSH roots, support, foundation
SUG, SUB, SU 8 lead out, travel (herd)
SU body, naked
SUL 4, SUL 7 threshing floor, grain pile
SU-N4 chin
SUNIN, SUMUN, SUN old, rot, past
SU 9 SHA 4 mourn, red ocher SA 5
SUR, SHUR rain, flow, drink, gleam
SUR 8, ZAR tap, pour, spout, flow
SUSBU clean, bathed, a priest
SUSH 2,3 anoint
SUSH 2, SHU 2,4 overthrow, throw
SUSH sit down, to reside
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SALDS
sweet, good pleasant
SEJ- bind, tie
SAUC, SAC-, SAK- call, to name
SARkans red (short u) SARt (long u)
glow, fire, campfire, blush, show red
SAK- begin, (long a) SAKNE root
SEG, SEDZ, SEJA, SAKA cover
cover, face, beginning SIKI thin
SEGSHU, SEGUOSHU cover
CHAM-, CHEM-, CHUM- (old)
modern CEN- price, bunch, handful
DZI-, ZI-, (D)ZIL-, ZAL, ZEL life,
create, blue, green, yellow
SED sits, reposes, relaxes
SNIEG-, SEGA snow, cover (SAG)
SALA, SALI , SALST frost, cold
SALIBA freezing
SVILt, SU-T stew, braise, burn
SAUSS dry
CHAP-, CHUPA heap, amount, pile
IEK-SHA innards, in the midst, inside
SAKRAJ collect saKREJums cream
SIERs cheese
SEJA that sown
CIET together, joined, linked
ZHUBUR prong, stick, branch
DZIRk- spark
DZIE-DZERI- glands, testicles
DZIR-, DZIED, SERUO sing, lament
CITigs- (long i) clean, diligent
DZIDrs clear water, DZIT- channel
SITA to strike
SIETA tied, bound
SIETS, SIETA sieve
SAUJA hand, handfull, SAInis bundle
SHUP- push, swing -German SCHUB
CHUBinat take care off, caress, groom
SVET- holy SVAB- free(dom)
JUG-, JUDZIN- yoke ZHUOG-,
ZHUODZINS- confine, enclosure
SHKEPURis spear, lance, crook
CIRCENis cricket, cockroach
SESHAINA sixth SESH six
SIKs tiny SEK- late, following
SIT hit, strike, hurt, damage
ZAGE saw SUOD punish
SIE-NA wall
SHAUR- narrow
CUKA swine, SIV-ENS pig(let)
CUKA swine
CELA, IELA road, street, path, way
SILA, SILE trough
VE-SELAM healthy
USA, USU (of) whiskers
JUSU, SHA, SHAI, SHI, SHUO,
SHIE-M, SHI-NI, TU, TA pronouns
SUK suck, suckle
SUODS punishment
SAUC call, choose in this sense
SAK- SAKAS beginnings SAKNE
SAKTINA- root, rooter
SEKUO follow (a leader)
SEGA covering, skin SEJA face
KUL, KULET thresh
ZUODS chin
SEN-, SENIN, SENAM old, long ago
SER- sorrow
SHALt rain SULA juice DZER- drink
SULA juice
SAUSIBU of being dry SAUSS dry
ZIES-, IEZIEST anoint
SVIEZH- throw, throw down
SEZH sits
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SUMERIAN - T
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LATVIAN - T
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TA to, for, from,
nature, character
TAB two, pair, companion
TAB sting, fever, burn, tremble
TAG hold, handle, touch, weave,
adorn, strike, hit, start fire, fish, hunt
TAK 4, TAG 4 abandon, leave
TAR decide, determine, inquire
TESHLUG small young animal, fledgling
TIL, TI life, live, survive, dwell
TU 5,17 wash, bathe, make libation
TUG, TU 9 cloth, woven garment
TUK, DUK, TUG acquire, receive
TUD, TU beget, make, fashion
TUKUN immediately, at once
TUR 5, TU pigeon GIRISH butterfly
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TA demons. pronoun
- it, its, that, to
DUBult , DIV- double , two ABI both
SAP pain, hurt, sting, be injured
TAI-sa to make, complete, build, open
TAU-sta touch DUO give, hand to
TEC, TEK run, flow, pass by, move on
DAR-, CER- does, considers
TELSH calf
DZI- life,live, survive, dwell
TUP squat
auDEKlis woven garment, cloth
TIK, TIEK, TIEKU become, receive
DUO, DUOT gives, results in
TAGAD, TULIN now, at once
DUJA pigeon, TAURis butterfly
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SUMERIAN - U
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LATVIAN - U
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UB 4 cavity, hole,
pitfall
UBILLA 2 soot
UCH lice, insect, parasite, vermin
UD, U 4 sun, light, day, time, when
since, storm (demon)
UDU sheep UTUA 2 ram UZ she-goat
US 5, U 8 mother ewe KIR 11 lamb
UG 6, U 6 look, gaze
UG 5,7,8 die, death, kill (KAU-)
UGA,UKU people
UKUSH cucumber
ULUSHIN emmer beer
ULUTIN attractive, attention-getting
UMUSH, USH 4 intelligence
knowledge ability, discernment
UR roof, entrance, mountain pass
(faulty transcription)
URI 2,5 URIM 2,5 door(post)
(faulty transcription)
URU watch, guard, light, luminous object
URUDU copper see also VAR-
URUM, URU 6, URU 7 kin, spawn
UR, URGU dog, carnivorous beast
URIN eagle
URU 4 to plough, cultivate
URUGAL the netherworld (uru + gal)
ARALI, ARALA the netherworld
US follow, drive, come near, be next to,
lean against, side, edge, length, distance
US-AN evening
USH blood
USH, USH 8 support, base, foundation
USSU 2,3 eight NW Semitic TJAMANE
SHAMANE Egyptian KEMEN- eight
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AP-SA hole
IEPELI, PELI ashes, soot, gray-colored
UODS gnat, UODZE viper
KAD when,GAD year
GAITA course JUOD devil
AITA, AITU sheep AUNs ram
AZ-, AZHA he-goat JER- lamb
ACS, ACI- eye, in the eye of
GULA reclining, in a fallen position
IK, IKI, IKU which (persons)
IEKUOZH bite GURKIS cucumber
ALUTINs, ALUSHINS beer dim.
(ie)LUTIN- spoil(ed), pampered
IEMAC-, MAK, MEDZ, learn, talent,
ability, make, create, teach
KURms, KALns, KURma
roof, mountain (pass), elevation
DUR, DURI, DURIM
relating to the door
RE, IERE-DZE sight , observation
RUDU VARA copper metal
VAIRUO, VAIRUM multiply, increase
URKis digger, burrower, clawed beast
ARANIS eagle (Lithuanian), ERGLIS
AR, ARA, ARUOt plow, cultivate
ARU GAL- outside end of
ARELE outside
UZ independent word also used as a
directional prefix - to, on, in, at, with
UZ ENAS PUSI toward eve, shadows
AS-INIS blood
UZ on
AS-TONI eight, Old.Prussian (Baltic)
AS-meni eight, i.e. AS-MEN- eight
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There is no V in
Sumerian, but similar Latvian
V-words are found in Sumerian starting with B or U.
There is no W, X or Y in Sumerian or Latvian.
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SUMERIAN - Z
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LATVIAN - Z
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ZA 2 stone, rock,
precious stone,
hailstone, pit, kernel
ZACH 2,3 flee, be lost, perish
ZAG, ZA shoulder, right side, border
ZAR 5, SIR 5, SUR spin, twine
ZE cut, shear
ZI breathing, breath (of life), soul
ZID, ZI right (hand), good, true,
legitimate (transcription faulty)
ZIG, ZI go out
ZIZ a crop-devouring insect
ZIZNA, fish roe
ZUBU, ZUBI sickle
ZIB 2 mark, stamp, brand
ZU know, understand, wisdom
ZU tooth, ivory, flint, obsidian, glass
ZUCH steal, rob AZAG taboo
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ASSA, sharp
ASmenis blade, edge
AK-MENIS rock, stone
ZUD-, ZUDIS, ZAUD lost, perish
SANI side (of something)
ZAR- sprout, branch out, twine
CER cut, shear
DZI-VE life, breathe (life)
IST-, ISTS (long i)
true, real, legitimate Egyptian ISIS
IZEJA, IZIET out-go, go out, EXit
SISenis grasshopper
ZIVs, ZIVINA dim. fish roe IKRI
ZHUBUR- prong ZUOB- edge
CIPars mark, sign, number
ZIN- know, understand, wisdom
ZUO-BS tooth (<AS-SU sharp)
ZAG, IEZAG thievery, ZAIME sin
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Go to A - K
See also
Sumerians,
Cimmerians and Samarians
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