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L E X I L I N E |
Sumerian KAxUD.BAR (or) UDxKA.BAR (or) SI.BAR Latvian VARsh, dim. VARinsh Lithuanian VARias Old Prussian WARgien Latvian SVAR- < *sa-VARS "weight" Akkadian SIPARRU Hebrew SEPER Arabic SIFRun Latin KUPRUM Sumerian URUDU ? ("copper, copper colored?) Latvian RUDU- "copper colored" Latvian RUDVARIS (var. RUDU VARA )
Akkadian ABARU (also magnesite?) Aramaic 'ABARA Hebrew 'OPARET Armenian KAPAR Arabic 'ABARun Arabic 'ANBAR = AMBER Latvian ZI.TAR, DZIN-TARs = AMBER Lithuanian GINTAR- = AMBER
Sumerian KU(g).AN.A(k) Akkadian ANAKU Hebrew 'ANAK Arabic 'ANUK Armenian ANAG Old Hindic NAGA Latvian S.VIN "lead" S.VERte "plumb" S.VARs "weight" Lithuanian SH.VIN- ("lead, plumb")
Sumerian AN.BAR Akkadian PAR.ZILLU Aramaic PAR.ZEL Hebrew BAR.ZEL Arabic FIR.ZILun Lithuanian ZHAL.VARis "bronze" Latvian DZELs "iron" Latvian ZEL.TS "gold"
When we examine all of these ancient terms for metals, we see that TWO basic roots are in evidence:
FIRST, there is a basic root of the form "BAR, VAR, PAR" and of course the root of FERRO- "iron" in Latin, which currently has a false etymology. This derives from Indo-European e.g. Latvian VAR- "to smelt, boil" We also see that the current etymology for English "COP-PER" as allegedly rooted in Greek KUPROS "from Cyprus" is incorrect, rather, the name of Cyprus derives from the word for copper. Similarly, we see that origin of the English word BRONZE traced back thus far only to Italian bronzo, has roots which go back much further in BAR, perhaps in a form such as Latvian *BARinsh> VARINSH > BRONZE.
SECOND, there is a root variant of Latvian DZEL-zis "iron" also combined with BAR in the terms of the Fertile Crescent as ZIL- with BAR or BAR- with ZIL Hence BAR.ZEL "iron" but SIL.BER Germanic for "SIL.VER". The root of DZEL- viz ZIL- is found in Latvian coler root ZIL- "yellow, gold, blue, dark blue, shiny". Sumerian KUK for "silver" is related to Latvian "KUKURS" used to describe "FLAX, SILVER BUDS". KUK- in most Latvian terms means "clump, bud, piece". Latvian SVINS "lead" relates to words in Latvian meaning "shiny, burn" SVEC-/SVEK- "candle", SVIL- SVIN- ("hot, burning, celebrating, fiery"), SVID- "sweat, i.e. the shiny drops of perspiration". Interesting here is also that Latvian SVEKI means the "resin" of trees. Latvian ALUOties "apply air to the fire in an oven" whence Latvian ALVA (also ALVS, ALS) "tin" Lithuanian ALVAS = tin Old Prussian ALWIS = lead English ALLOY and Latin ALUM |
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