THE TURIN PAPYRUS OF KINGS
THE TURIN CANON
Decipherment by Andis Kaulins

The TURIN PAPYRUS OF KINGS, also called The TURIN CANON,
is a Papyrus written during the reign of the Pharaoh Sethos
(Sethos is in our analysis correctly Ramses I. Sethos in our opinion was the Biblical King David in Judah, and followed by Ramses II, Biblical King Solomon.

Together with Manetho's History (3rd century B.C.), the Turin Papyrus is one of the major sources for our chronology of the Kings and Dynasties of the most ancient Pharaonic Kingdoms. In our view, however, the Turin Papyrus has been in part erroneously transcribed, transliterated and interpreted. Our view of a correct interpretation and transcription are given here.

FIRST COLUMN
LIST OF HEAVENLY BODIES

The First Column of the Turin Papyrus (using Gardiner's columnation)
we find to be a list of the heavenly bodies in the following order:
The Universe, The Sun, Mercury, Venus, The Moon, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn.
The planets are given in the correct order on the Turin Papyrus. These heavenly bodies comprised a heavenly family as in the ancient Baltic pantheon.

For an explanation of Column I of the Turin Papyrus
go to the Turin Papyrus Transcription I

SECOND COLUMN
LUNI-SOLAR CALENDRIC SYSTEM

The Second Column of the Turin Papyrus contains systems for synchronising the synodic moon months (a synodic lunar month is 29.53 days) to a solar civil calendar using calendar months of 12 x 30 days (+ 5 days at year-end for 365 days total). The synchronizing lunar system uses so-called "full months" of 30 days and so-called "defective months" of 29 days over a period of 76 tropical (star) years. This is why 76 "kings" are found at Abydos (symbolic for 4 x 19 Metonic years) and 59 "kings" at Sakkara (symbolic for 30 + 29 days). A tropical year of stars is about 365.25 days as opposed to the simple solar year of 365 days used for civil calendration. The so-called tropical year is more accurate than a solar year, which is why we moderns also add a leap year every four years to correct our solar calendar.

These systems are found in charts showing the full reading of Column II at
Turin Canon Chart

For complete explanation of Column II go to the
Turin Papyrus Transcription II